Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Haiti quake: Pacific Rim nations offer support


SYDNEY, Australia - Although half a world away and with fresh memories of natural disasters of their own, including a tsunami two weeks ago in the Solomon Islands, more than a dozen Pacific Rim nations have donated or pledged aid to the victims of the Haitian earthquake.
Within hours of the quake, China had a 60-member team of rescue workers and dogs in the air bound for Port-au-Prince. They met with double grim news as eight members of a Chinese U.N. peacekeeping force stationed on the Caribbean Island earlier were found buried in debris.
Beijing sent a Boeing 747 with 90 tons of tents, stretchers, food, medicine, clothing and water-purification equipment. The Chinese plane was the first installment of a $4.41-million relief package announced by the Chinese government, in addition to $1 million pledged by the Chinese Red Cross.
Official government and private donor aid also streamed toward Haiti from Japan, Singapore, New Zealand and here in Australia.
The Salvation Army of New Zealand, Fiji and Tonga airlifted 285,000 meals to Haiti, and opened its phone lines for pledges of money.
“Haitians have long suffered poverty, natural and man-made disasters, and if there was ever a time they needed our compassion, now is that time,” said spokesman Major Robbie Ross.
The Salvation Army of Australia pledged $150,000. “Our prayers are with the people of Haiti and we will continue to respond in the best manner possible,” Australian Salvation Army Lt. Col. Pamela Hodge said in a statement.
Ever since the disaster struck, news of it has dominated the regular broadcasts on Sky News, Australia’s largest television news corporation. On Sunday it announced that its reporters in Port-au-Prince had managed to help free a little girl who was trapped under a building for three days.
Among Australian aid agencies sending assistance were World Vision, Save the Children and the Red Cross.
World Vision said Jan. 16 that it had received $725,000 during its appeal for Haiti.
“At the moment, the pace of donations is on a par with the 2004 tsunami response,” said Anthea Spinks of World Vision’s Australian response team.
World Vision has more than 370 Haitian staff, as well as logistics and response experts.
The Australian branch of Save the Children released $150,000 to purchase medicine, food and water for quake victims.
Australians pledged $400,000 to the Australian Red Cross in 24 hours, according to the agency. Globally, the agency was hoping to raise $10 million for Haitian relief.
The Australian government has pledged $10 million in aid, and one Australian man who was a United Nations worker was killed in the quake.
Secretary of State Hillary R. Clinton cancelled her planned trip to Australia on Sunday and flew to Haiti instead.
In addition, Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong, in Adelaide for this week’s Tour Down Under, has pledged $270,000 on behalf of his cancer charity Livestrong, according to the Jan. 14 Sydney Morning Herald.

Clean energy: One nation's attempt amid climate debates, Chile struggles with energy needs


SANTIAGO, Chile - Amid swank boutiques in the Providencia neighborhood of this sprawling city, afternoon shoppers unwind at the Foto Café over sweet coffee and even sweeter pastries as pictures of Hollywood idols and scraggly haired Tibetan children stare out at them.
Hernan Jara, the coffee shop owner, talks about his photographic experiences and his trips over the years to southern Chile where the snow-capped Andes and its scores of glaciers, all once so proud and mighty, now seem much smaller to him.
"The glaciers, they are shrinking," he said.
Jara is getting out of the restaurant business and isn't quite sure what he'll do next. Like some other Chileans, he worries not so much about his economic future as he does about Chile's economy, its energy needs, which are growing at upward of 6 percent a year, and the environmental impact of those needs.
Jara wonders what energy choices his nation will make and their effect on global warming.
Indeed, the challenge of balancing energy needs swirled through conference halls at the recent United Nations climate change meeting in Bali, and it provided the canvas for recent recommendations from a commission appointed by Gov. Martin O'Malley to cut global warming in Maryland by 90 percent by 2050.
"While the recommendations are right on the money, they are not mandatory … yet," noted a statement by Chesapeake Climate Action Network, an environmental group that fights global warming.
In this country and elsewhere in Latin America, hardly a week goes by when energy needs and global warming are not in the news.
Environmentalists and indigenous people here are pitted in a running struggle over a massive dam project proposed for the Baker and Pascua Rivers in Chile's southern Aysen region.
The dam project has also galvanized environmentalists in the United States, with the Natural Resources Defense Council, Sierra Club and International Rivers Network being prime among them.
Constructing a dam involves building a flood basin. The Aysen project would create artificial lakes flooding more than 14,700 acres of agriculture and ranch lands.
According to International Rivers, the project would threaten the endangered huemul deer, as well as rare forest species.
The $4-billion project to dam the two rivers would generate 2,400 megawatts of electricity, a substantial portion of Chile's energy needs. Currently, the nation's four electricity operations generate about 12,000 megawatts per year. Typical coal- or oil-fired power plants can generate from 500-1,000 megawatts.
Proponents of the project say it will create thousands of construction jobs, as well as lots of hydro-electric power.
"Chile is growing, and as such it needs energy," Bernardo Matte, president of the Chilean energy corp. Colbun, told El Mercurio, a Santiago daily. His company holds 49 percent of the firm created to build the Aysen dams. "In the next 10 years we'll need to double what's currently available in Chile."
But Chilean environmentalists and others say nature will pay the cost.
"It's true that we need to produce work for people," Jara said, "but they're destroying the future for future generations."
To dramatize their opposition to the dams, more than 100 protesters rode horseback through the Aysen region for nine days in November to the small city of Coyhaique where "enthusiastic crowds" greeted them, according to the Nov. 28 Santiago Times.
"We can live without hydro-electric power. We can live without gas. But we cannot live without water. God gave us these rivers, and we the right to defend them," said Ernesto Sandoval, a leader of the horse riders.
Hamlet Paoletti, a spokesman for the Natural Resources Defense Council, notes that Endesa, the Spanish multinational behind the Aysen project, is currently involved in renewable energy projects in Chile and should pursue more of them instead of wanting to dam rivers.
"We're not against all dams. It's case by case. But we think there are better solutions," he said. "They have the knowledge and ability to build [renewable energy projects], and they should be put forward."
One of the worries about building large dams is their ability to release the greenhouse gases of methane and carbon dioxide from their surface. This occurs after flooded vegetated areas begin to rot and release gas. It also occurs when dam turbines and spillways are running, creating a gas fizzing effect that can also release nitrous oxide, another greenhouse gas.
The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicated in 2006 that reservoirs are a source of greenhouse emissions, and it called for more research.
Although they are challenged by the hydropower industry, studies conducted by Philip M. Fearnside, a U.S.-born climate scientist working in Brazil, contend that the emissions released through dam turbines and spillways exceed those of fossil-fuel energy plants.
On top of that, activists say that constructing the five dams will impact local villages. The dams would require clearcutting a 1,200-mile swath about 120 yards wide for a transmission line to feed electricity from southern Chile up to greater Santiago in the central part of the nation.
As planned, the transmission line would go through 12 areas that are granted protected status under Chilean law due to their environmental value.
Paoletti said, "It would go through pristine areas, natural reserves, parks and such."
He added that before the government allows the project, the University of Chile should be allowed to conduct an independent study of alternatives.
Paoletti, who is based in NRDC's West Coast regional office, believes that Chile could benefit from more renewable energy and from better management of its existing energy generation.
He noted that in California stricter government oversight means that "the average per capita use of energy is the same as it was in the mid-70s. So, there are ways to make energy consumption more stable. We think that's one of the things Chile should look into."


Patagonia glaciers melting
With rising sea levels grabbing headlines last week due to speeded-up melting of Arctic sea ice, scientists familiar with the vast Patagonia ice fields in the southern hemisphere note that they are also melting and contributing to sea-level rises.
According to a report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center, Arctic sea ice is melting so fast that some scientists believe it could disappear entirely by the summer of 2040.
In the southern hemisphere two large icefields in Chile are melting and, as is the case with Arctic ice, global warming is a cause.
"It is possible to say that glacier melting of [the] last decades in Patagonia is due to global warming," said Dr. Paulina Lopez, a member of the Great Ice research group of Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, a French research institute.
"The scientific community agrees with this idea," she said in an e-mail interview from France.
As part of her doctoral thesis, Lopez studied the Northern and Southern Patagonia Icefields and Cordillera Darwin. She notes that several other studies and the Centro de Estudios Cientificos, a Chilean scientific research institute, concur with her findings about the effect of global warming on Patagonia glaciers.
From 1975 to 2000 about 4 cubic miles of the Patagonia icefields melted each year, Lopez said. She noted that accompanying sea-level rise was about .0017 inches per year.
According to NASA, based on its shuttle radar and other measurements, Chilean and United States' scientists confirmed that the Patagonia icefields "are thinning at an accelerating pace and now account for nearly 10 percent of global sea-level change from mountain glaciers."

Social, economic changes come to land of midnight sun


REYKJAVIK, Iceland - Dusk falls late in the evening this time of year on the island nation of Iceland where slightly fewer than 300,000 people live, half of them in this capital city of Reykjavik. Shops and malls go to sleep. Discotheques arise.
For a small city, Reykjavik is known for a throbbing nightlife.
The litter-free city is dotted with construction cranes and road widening projects. Unemployment, at 2.3 percent, has hit an all-time low.
The economy, long dependent on the sea to provide bounty, is booming with computer and biotechnology companies, and the fishing industry has gone high-tech.
Startling in its natural beauty, Iceland is increasingly a mecca for wilderness and ecotourism. A trout stream and a salmon river run through this capital, and expeditions spirit visitors to the mountains, glaciers and fjords, where kayakers can get close to migrating whales.
The vast majority of Icelanders, 94 percent, are descended from Vikings and Celts who settled on the island in the ninth century.
The nation has the most homogeneous society in Europe, and is home to deCode, a pioneering research firm hoping to capitalize on Iceland's DNA heritage and unravel cures for diabetes, heart disease, asthma, obesity and other illnesses.
Having a small defense force but lacking a full-sized army, navy or air force, the Icelandic federal budget contains no large-scale military funding. But with a U.S. Naval Air Station on the island, Iceland is a strong ally of the United States. The administration of Prime Minister Halldor Asgrimsson supports the Bush administration in Afghanistan and Iraq, a fact that troubles many ordinary people. The foreign affairs ministry announced in June that it is sending more peace corps types to Afghanistan in September.
Because it has no large-scale military to fund, Iceland has maintained a generous, by United States standards, health care and social welfare system. But as is the case in Germany, France and other European democracies, privatizations and erosion of the social safety net has occurred.
Banks have been privatized, and Icelanders can be heard complaining of red tape and charges for transactions. Last week, the government signed a purchase agreement with a private investment firm for its 98 percent share in Siminn, the nation's telephone company.
A week ago, as Reykjavik residents were piling into family cars to head out on a three-day holiday weekend, operators of diesel trucks conducted a rolling blockade of highways to protest the loss of a government fuel oil subsidy.
Just as conservative voices have criticized the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in the United States, similar criticism is under way against government broadcasting here.
Although Icelanders enjoy a relatively high standard of living, inequality in wealth has grown. Many of the newest immigrants work in fish processing or other lower-paying jobs.
A recent concert by the rapper Snoop Dogg and an earlier one by 50 Cent touched off a discussion about the corrosive effect of sexist lyrics and imagery.
Older Icelanders object that their culture is under siege by American popular influence. Hollywood blockbusters screen here not long after their U.S. release, and cop dramas, sitcoms and television shows like "Desperate Housewives" enjoy a big draw.
English is a requirement in grade school, and teenagers in video-game parlors can be heard hurling American slang.
Although threats to the social fabric seem to be minimal, authorities are wary about Iceland being a way station for international drug trafficking.
The number of people serving prison sentences for drug crimes, although small, quadrupled between 1990 and 2003. Still, government figures show total criminal offenses holding steady since 1999.
Meanwhile, with little stigma on co-habitation, the marriage rate has fallen since the mid 1970s. But the divorce rate has held steady.
From fish to tourism
Think of Iceland and think of fish - cod, haddock and other species.
The small nation is the world's 11th largest fishing power.
For generations, fishing has been central to Iceland, and protection of its rich fishing grounds are the primary reason the nation has not fully joined the European Union.
Hoskuldur Steinarsson, director of information at the Directorate of Fisheries, said seafood accounts for 48 percent of the total export value of goods and services and 62 percent of the export value of goods from the nation.
Using large factory ships and small vessels, the fishing industry contributes about 12.5 percent of GNP and employs 8 percent of the workforce.
Cod accounted for 40 percent of total seafood export revenue last year. However, haddock is the most popular fresh or frozen fish with Icelanders.
Although the economy is dependent on the fishing industry, biotechnology and tourism are gaining ground.
Tourist booths around Reykjavik and the airport are jammed with brochures on whale watching, spa treatments and wilderness tours.
From river rafting, horseback caravans, trekking and snowmobiling, visitors can find attractions for most tastes and pocketbooks.
For more information about tours and attractions, go to www.goiceland.org. For information about official Iceland, go to www.government.is.

Business advice: Ignore multiculturalism at your risk


TORONTO - "These groups cannot be ignored by marketers, and the most effective way to reach them is online," Ipsos Reid, a Canadian marketing firm, said in a recent report about new Canadians. "According to Statistics Canada, nearly eight-in-ten (78%) immigrants who have arrived in Canada in the past ten years use the Internet."
Go to the Web site of major Canadian corporations and any number of them have statements highlighting diversity and multiculturalism.
At a multicultural marketing conference last year, panel experts offered advice that businesses overlooking "ethnic consumers are missing a huge opportunity," according to Marketing magazine.
"All the bad news about the economy is making everyone shell shocked," Albert Yue, managing director of Dynasty Advertising and Communications, said in the magazine. "It's clear that many marketers are starting to cut their budgets. But if you can see through the fire and smoke, the ethnic markets are more resilient than mainstream ones."
According to Ramesh Nilakantan, account director at Publicis Diversite, corporations that underestimate the ethnic sector's buying power do so at risk.
"There are many Indians and Pakistanis and Bangladeshis who've spent the last 15 years of their lives in Dubai and southern India in tax-free markets," Nilakantan said in the magazine. "Those markets are collapsing. They don't want to go back home. They're coming here not just with an education, but with loads of money."
A tale of two Torontos
With the many headlines about new Canadians and their wealth, education and eventual success stories, this is really a city of two kinds of immigrants divided by class and social circumstance.
As a member of the British Commonweath of nations, Canada has for decades been a destination for people leaving the English-speaking Caribbean. And over the years the Caribbean community here has produced a goodly share of renowned artists, writers and thinkers.
Yet data compiled by Statistics Canada, the government's statistical agency, reveal that Caribbean people have higher rates of joblessness and lower levels of education than most Canadians. A 2007 report by the agency found that 19 percent of young Caribbean males were jobless in 2001.
"In 2000, people of Caribbean origin aged 15 and over had an average income from all sources of $26,000, almost $4,000 less than the national figure," according to the report.
Many people of Caribbean descent have reported instances of discrimination, according to Statistics Canada.
"In 2002, 41% indicated they had experienced discrimination or unfair treatment based on their ethnicity, race, religion, language or accent in the past five years, or since they arrived in Canada. As well, 89% of those who had experienced discrimination said that they felt it was based on their race or skin colour," according to the report.
Some communities of working-class immigrants in the metro area also report obtrusive policing that they believe is unwarranted.
Among other things, they point to a May 5 incident in the Jane-Finch neighborhood in which 18-year-old Junior Manon died of a heart attack, according to police, that occurred after witnesses saw him being beaten on the ground by seven police officers.
Hundreds of people demonstrated outside police headquarters. More than 1,800 joined a Facebook page demanding justice for him.

Noodle shops and curry dens, then baklava


TORONTO – Seductive food aromas can floor a hungry person strolling Queen Street at dinner time or visiting the Spadina-Dundas neighborhood, one of four Chinatowns in this sprawling city.
Once a magnet for immigrants from western Europe, the greater Toronto area, like most of Canada’s big cities, increasingly draws visitors and new residents from Asia, the Near East, slavic and African nations.
Besides bringing a babel of tongues, they bring culinary habits that have turned their presence into a gourmet’s perfection.
There are Vietnamese soup kitchens, Thai noodle houses, and plenty of places to gobble spring rolls, kimchi, biryani or rotis.
The huge St. Lawrence market is a good place to purchase musk ox rib eye steaks, ground venison, and prime camel boneless hip ($19.99/lb.) or strip loin of camel ($29.99/lb.).
From the first-nation peoples of Nunavut in the sub-Arctic wilds, to the newest arrivals at Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada is a nation increasingly populated by hues of browns and yellows.
Toronto is still home to about 40,000 first-nation peoples. But its metro area now has the largest Chinese community in North America.
Still, it has distinct European communities - a Czech community, German delicatessens, a Greektown and Greek residents numbering around 100,000, a Hungarian community of about 50,000, a Ukrainian community of 100,000, an Italian community of more than 400,000, a Little Poland, and a Little Portugal.
Such diversity spills over into religion. The Jewish community here is said to number about 130,000 people.

Immigration reshapes Canadian hue, flavors


Canada's growing diversity has parallels in the United States.
Demographers say that around 2050 ethnicity in the United States will be majority minority. Currently, the nation is officially more than 40 percent minority. Already, the majority of children in this country under the age of 5 are nonwhite.
Four states are majority minority, California, Texas, New Mexico and Hawaii. Maryland, along with New York, Mississippi, Georgia and Arizona, is among the tier next in line to become majority minority.
"If you look in the 1990s, in every one of the 50 states, non-Anglo Hispanic populations grew faster than Anglo populations," said Steve Murdock, former director of the U.S. Census Bureau. "It's a very pervasive pattern."
TORONTO - In this city of big buildings and big dreams, a big hope slipped away last week when the Canadian sister city of Montreal missed out on sport's premier event.
Across the southern border, sport's big event in May and June means Major League Baseball or the National Basketball Association playoffs.
But here, sport really means only one thing: hockey.
And when the Montreal Canadiens, as the National Hockey League team is known to English speakers (or the Habs, as it's known to French speakers) were checked by the Philadelphia Flyers from getting into the Stanley Cup finals, the entire nation was disappointed.
But among those suffering the biggest letdown were Arabs and South Asians.
When, you wonder, did ice hockey become a thing with Arabs and South Asians?
When they moved from their homelands to Canada.
A recent survey found that "new Canadians," as immigrants here are often called, are among ice hockey's biggest fans. Sixty-four percent of Arabs and 61 percent of South Asians consider themselves hockey fans.
While about half of all Canadians express interest in professional hockey, the level of interest among immigrants is much higher.
"Perhaps as they come to Canada, they want to be part of the fabric of Canadian society, and hockey is one of the things they latch on to," according to Doug Norris, of the survey firm of Environics Analytics and Research Now.
Like its neighbor to the south, Canada has been built by immigrants. But unlike its southern brother, the ethos here is palpably different.
To be sure, Canada has its share of immigration opponents. But Canadians are more likely to chuckle in amazement at an immigration law like the one recently approved in Arizona that has proved to be so polarizing.
Indeed, from this city's motto, "Diversity is our strength," to newcomer-friendly laws, to pronouncements by public officials and corporate displays of multicultural acceptance, foreign immigration in Canada is viewed in a different context.
Having been shaken less by the three-year international economic downturn, Canada is springing back.
While the commercial real estate sector is in the tank in other advanced countries, some two dozen building cranes dominate Toronto's downtown skyline.
The greater Toronto area has about 5 million residents. Twenty-five percent of the area's population is South Asian, and 42 percent is comprised of visible minority groups.
"China has been the leading country of birth among individuals who have immigrated to Canada since the 1990s, followed by South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh," according to a report by Ipsos Reid, a Canadian marketing firm.
Canadian unemployment has continued to decline and was 8.1 percent in April when the federal government made a show of going overseas, dollars in both hands, to attract global research talent to Canadian universities.
It landed 19 leading researchers from Britain, France, Brazil, Germany and the United States in a $200-million recruitment drive that critics charged could leave other nations with a brain drain.
Researchers in virology, fish-stock management, neuroscience, biomedicine and other disciplines were among the experts accepting the invitation to move to Canada.
"Canada has to become more than ever a magnet for talent," Tony Clement, Canada's industry minister, said in a statement.
But Sumitra Rajagopalan, a professor of biomechanics at McGill University in Montreal, saw hidden motives behind the government move. She noted in the May 21 Globe and Mail that one of the world's leading nanomaterial scientists, Dr. Thomas Thundat, a fellow at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, was attracted not to shape the future of Canadian nanoscience, but instead was given the mandate to "find better ways of extracting oil from tar sands."
She also noted that none of the international experts were female.
Still, there's the example of the Bank of Nova Scotia. With close to $500 billion in assets, Scotiabank is Canada's third largest financial services firm.
It has erected posters and billboards around Toronto and other Canadian cities showing off its pride in Canada's multiculturalism.
A transnational giant, it has banking operations in more than 50 countries. It is Canada's most international bank and has a vice-president of multicultural banking.
Plunging deeper into the current in which Canada is moving, two years ago Scotiabank kicked off its StartRight program of services to potential immigrants and new Canadians, including help with settlement agencies, and direction in education and employment opportunity.
Its ATM machines are in five languages, and it boasts that toll-free callers to the bank may speak to multilingual representatives. Its Web site is in eight languages.
Scotiabank executives regard its outlook as more than just a smart-business approach, according to Chemi Nanglu, a corporate spokeswoman. They see it as part of the changing times.
For example, she pointed to federal statistics showing that by 2030 immigration will account for 100 percent of Canadian population growth. Immigration is currently feeding two-thirds of the population growth.
The bank's approach has been noticed by others. For the second year in a row it was chosen as one of Canada's best major corporate diversity employers by Mediacorp Canada, which operates the nation's largest career newspaper, and TWI, an international diversity consulting firm.
Nanglu said the bank's Startright program won the Visionary Award of Canadian Newcomer magazine in June 2008, and was recognized by Marketing magazine in October of that year.